Brushless DC Motors: Components & Applications in the Drone Industry!

 Selecting the appropriate motor is one of the initial tasks in drone construction. Testing many motors and choosing the ideal one for your design will ensure optimum performance. There are numerous variations of electric motors available on the market, several of which are designed expressly for use in drone construction. Here, we will majorly focus on brushless dc motors.   

brushless DC motor


  

Types of Motors  

Electric motors can be divided into the following four categories: universal, AC, brushed DC, and brushless direct current motors.  

  

Components of Brushless DC Motors   


Electromagnets and Permanent Magnets   

When a current travels through a conductive wire wound around a metallic base, it will not act like a magnet but cause the wire to behave like a magnet.   

The term "electromagnet" is frequently used to describe this. The magnet's behavior would change if a negative current traveled over the same wire; instead of repelling another magnet, it would now attract it.  

    

Rotor & Stator  

One of the electromagnets of the brushless DC motor is turned on by applying an electric current to its coils to start the motor.   

As a result of the permanent magnet being attracted to the like-electromagnet and attempting to align with an opposite permanent magnet on the stator, the rotor will begin to spin. As the electromagnet and the opposite permanent magnet align, it will briefly start to turn. The next stage is to activate a second electromagnet to keep the rotation going, then a third, then another, and so on.  

The motor will spin at a speed corresponding to the signal's frequency if a three-phase current is delivered. A drone's controller's throttle adjusts the motor speed; a higher throttle input causes the drone to receive signals at higher frequencies. The Electronic Speed Controller (ESC) manages the signal transmission to modify the motor speed in response to input from the throttle.  

  

Application of Brushless DC Motors in the Drone Industry  

For horizontal movements needing high RPM, ducted fan jets or fixed-wing aircraft are more frequently utilized IN runners. This can be easily comprehended by looking at a motor's Kv value, commonly known as its RPM/Volt value. If 1 V is applied to the motor, this value defines how fast it will spin.   

Because the IN runner has a smaller rotor and spins more quickly for the same voltage, it often has a more excellent Kv value than an out runner of the same size. When exploring brushless motors, the Kv value is frequently shown first.  

  

Choosing a Motor?  

Use the smallest motor you can without endangering it by overworking and overheating it as a general guideline. This is being done to lessen the weight of a too-large motor. A list of significant motor producers whose goods are appropriate for heavy-lift and manned drone operations has been produced.  

  

Conclusion  

A brilliant idea that has revolutionized the field of electric propulsion is the brushless DC motor. They enable machines like RC cars and drones to work with maximum efficiency and control due to their straightforward and streamlined designs. 

Location: United States

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